Ultramicrobiosensor for the Selective Detection of Glutamate

Carbon fiber microelectrodes, able to detect catecholamine release from single cells, have significantly contributed to our present understanding of the mechanism of secretory neurotransmission. In spite of their obvious advantages, there are only a few amperometric sensors (characterized by appropriate size, sensitivity, and selectivity) able to measure the release of other (not easily oxidizable) neurotransmitters at cellular level. The present work describes the fabrication and characterization of an ultramicrobiosensor for the selective detection of glutamate. The developed sensor has a size of 2.5–15 μm in diameter, a sensitivity of 0.62 mA mM^?1 cm^?2, and a detection limit of 5 μM. The excellent selectivity of the sensor (achieved using electrodeposition of Ru, Rh, and poly(m‐phenylenediamine)) makes it a promising candidate for monitoring glutamate release at single cell level.     

Measurement of diameter of metal cylinders using a sinusoidally vibrating interference pattern

A method for measuring external diameters of metal cylinders is proposed in which a sinusoidally vibrating interference pattern (SVIP) of 100-μm period is used as an exact scale. Lights from the end-points of a metal cylinder are extracted with a spatial filtering in an imaging system to form a cross-sectional image of the metal cylinder. On the image a sinusoidally phase-modulated signal owing to the SVIP is detected with a CCD image sensor to measure the phases of the SVIP at the two end-points of the cylinder. The coordinates of the two end-points are obtained from the phases at the two end-points, the phase distribution of the SVIP, and the coordinates of the pixels of the CCD image sensor. Metal cylinder diameters of 7.99, 8.00, and 9.00 mm are measured along their length directions with an error less than 1 μm.     

Orientation of Cs 6p 2P3/2 atomic photofragments in a magnetic field: interference in the photodissociation of diatomic molecules

In a magnetic field, Cs₂ molecules were excited from the ground X¹Σ⁺_g(v_X=0,J_X=55) level to the D ¹Σ⁺_u(v=46,J=54) level by dissociation laser light linearly polarized parallel to the field, for which the magnetic sublevels were degenerated and thus all the transitions between them were simultaneously stimulated. Probe laser light excited the dissociated Cs 6p²P_3/2 atomic fragments to 6p²D_3/2 level and the resultant 6p²P_1/2 - 6d²D_3/2 emission was detected as the function of the wavelength of the probe light. The populations of the 6p²P_3/2,mj magnetic sublevels were determined from the relative strengths of the 6p²P_3/2,mj - 6d²D_3/2,m'j transitions induced by the probe light. Non-zero orientation O₀ was found in the ensemble of dissociated Cs 6p²P_3/2 atomic fragments. The orientation O₀ increased as the magnetic field strength increased. It was demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically that the orientation O₀ was induced through the interference in the excitation and dissociation paths in the presence of an external magnetic field, even when all degenerated transitions between the magnetic sublevels of the molecules are simultaneously excited by the light linearly polarized parallel to the field.     

单光子量子密钥分发系统中干涉稳定性分析

为了研究位相编码量子密钥分发系统中的干涉稳定性, 运用解析和数值计算方法详细研究了光纤双折射、温度变化、非对称性以及耦合器分光比对量子密钥分发系统干涉条纹可见度的影响, 结果表明光纤双折射、温度变化和非对称性都将影响系统的干涉可见度, 调整接收端的调制位相能消除温度变化的影响, 并减小非对称性对系统的影响, 但不能改善光纤双折射对系统干涉的影响. 另外, 耦合器分光比影响系统的效率.     

用于纳米生物膜层厚度测试的光纤生物传感器

研制出光纤感应生物传感器,用以测试nm级的生物膜层的厚度.给出了测试的实现过程、实验结果和提高信噪比的方法,并与表面等离子体共振(SPR)技术进行了比较.     

光纤白光干涉法与膜厚纳米测量新技术研究

运用薄膜光学干涉原理、光纤技术和干涉光谱分析技术,用光纤反射式干涉光谱仪(Reflectromic Interference Spectroscopy)直接测试宽带入射光在单晶硅表面超薄SiO₂膜层前后界面反射形成的干涉光谱曲线,并用专业软件对被测光谱信号数据处理后,可直接用公式准确计算出SiO₂氧化膜的厚度和光学折射率通过对单晶硅片表面超薄SiO₂氧化膜的实测,并与成熟的椭圆偏振仪测试结果相比,测试误差≤2nm但该方法测试简单、快速,精度高,不需要制定仪器曲线和数表,可对薄膜任意位置的厚度在线测试经过对不同厚度聚苯乙烯薄膜的厚度测试表明,该方法适合0.5～20μm薄膜厚度的精确在线测量,测量误差小于7nm.     

ICP-AES中Ca、Al之间相互干扰的研究

本文在不同条件下比较详细地研究了Ca与Al在ICP-AES中的相互干扰,结果表明:这种干扰的垂直空间分布与其它元素的基体效应不同,特别在低观察区域Ca、Al之间呈现较为明显的相互抑制效应,说明Ca和Al之间产生了溶质挥发干扰。对分析条件特别是入射功率、载气流量及观察高度进行最优化可以使这种干扰减至最小。     

Interference of transverse rings in multifilamentation of powerful femtosecond laser pulses in air

We observe multiple filaments and interference of their ring structures in the propagation of 14 mJ, 45 fs infrared laser pulse in air. We suggest a simple physical model describing the formation and the interference of rings as the result of superposition of the background field of the whole beam and the fields that diverge from the filaments due to the defocusing in the laser-produced plasma. The size and the number of maxima in the interference pattern depend on the position of the filament formation along the direction of propagation. The simulated picture of the ring structure interference is in qualitative agreement with the one obtained from the experiment.     

Surface and interface electronic properties of group III-nitride heterostructures

For group III-nitrides with wurtzite structure the presence of fixed polarization interface charges yields new challenges in order to understand and control Schottky barrier heights, band offsets and 2D confinement in heterostructure FETs. In this short review experimental results obtained by in situ photoemission spectroscopy on MBE AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on 6H–SiC are discussed, with emphasis on the presence and interplay of surface electronic states. Schrödinger–Poisson calculations are performed to get the complete band scheme at the selected heterojunctions. Results on the polarity dependence of Pt/GaN Schottky barrier values from the literature are also discussed.     

Silicon-Based Integrated Optic Pressure Sensor Using Intermodal Interference between TM-Like and TE-Like Modes

In this paper, a silicon-based integrated optic pressure sensor using an intermodal interference between the fundamental TM-like and TE-like modes is described. The sensor consists of a micromachined rectangular diaphragm and a straight polystyrene optical waveguide passing over the diaphragm. Its sensitivity is theoretically known to be strongly dependent on the position of the waveguide over the diaphragm. To experimentally investigate such dependence, we fabricated a sensor with a 1.2 mm ×10 mm ×20 μm diaphragm, over which waveguides were placed at 50 μm intervals. The measured phase sensitivity was 98 mrad/kPa for the waveguide nearest to the diaphragm edge. The measurement was also carried out for the other waveguides. As theoretically expected, the largest sensitivity was obtained for the waveguide nearest to the edge.